Health Equity Indicators
GRAAHI’s health indicators are grouped into three categories—health outcomes, health behaviors and social determinants of health.
Indicators were selected based on research and expert advice.
The definitions for the indicators are provided below.
The social determinants of health category is grouped into five areas—economic, health care, home, physical environment, and social environment.
Data Profile
- Health Outcomes
- Health Behaviors
- Social Determinants of Health
Health Outcomes
Arthritis
Percentage of adults who have been told by their doctor that they have arthritis.
Asthma
Percentage of adults who have ever been told that they have asthma.
Breast Cancer Deaths
Rate of women per 100,000 who died of breast cancer.
Child Mortality
Rate of deaths among children under age 18 per 100,000.
Chlamydia
Rate of people per 100,000 who tested positive for chlamydia.
Colorectal Cancer
Rate of people per 100,000 who died from colon or rectum cancer.
Depression
Percentage of people who were ever told that they have any form of depression.
Diabetes
Percentage of people who ever been told by a doctor that they have diabetes.
Disability
Percentage of adults who are limited in any activities because of physical, mental or emotional problems.
Gonorrhea
Rate of people per 100,000 who tested positive for gonorrhea.
Heart Disease Deaths
Rate of people per 100,000 who died of heart disease.
High Blood Pressure
Percentage of adults who have ever been told by their doctor that they have high blood pressure.
High Cholesterol
Percentage of adults who have had their blood cholesterol checked, and were told by their doctor that it was high.
HIV
Rate of people per 100,000 who ever tested positive for HIV.
Infant Mortality
Rate of live births per 1,000 who died before they turned one year old.
Injury Mortality
Rate of people per 100,000 who died from intentional and unintentional injuries. Deaths included are those with an underlying cause of injury (ICD-10 codes *U01-*U03, V01-Y36, Y85-Y87, Y89).
Kidney and Renal Pelvis Mortality
Lead Poisoning in Children
Percentage of children 0-72 months old (or birth to 5yrs old) with a blood lead level > 5μg/dL.
Low Birthweight Babies
Percentage of live birth babies who weigh less than 2,500 grams (or 5.5 pounds).
Lung Cancer Deaths
Rate of people per 100,000 who died of lung cancer.
Obesity
Percentage of people who were classified as having a Body Mass Index between 30 and 99.8.
Opioid Overdose Mortality
Rate of deaths involving an opioid overdose per 100,000 people using underlying cause of death codes: X40-X44, X60-X64, X85, and Y10-Y14.
Overweight
Percentage of people who were classified as having a Body Mass Index between 25 and 29.9.
Poor Mental Health Days
Percentage of adults who reported their mental health was not good 14 or more days in the past 30 days.
Preventable Hospital Stays
Prostate Cancer Deaths
Rate of men per 100,000 who died of prostate cancer.
Stroke Deaths
Rate of people per 100,000 who died of a stroke.
Syphilis
Rate of people per 100,000 who tested positive for syphilis.
Teenage Births
Rate of births per 1,000 females aged 15-19.
Health Behaviors
Binge Drinking
Percentage of males having 5 or more drinks on one occasion, or females having 4 or more drinks on one occasion.
Breastfed Infants
Percentage of infants who were ever breastfed.
Dental Care
Percentage of adults who visited a dentist or dental clinic within the past year for any reason.
Excessive Drinking
Percentage of adults that report either binge drinking, defined as consuming more than 4 alcoholic beverages (for women) or 5 alcoholic beverages (for men) on a single occasion in the past 30 days, or heavy drinking, defined as drinking more than 1 drink (for women) or more than 2 drinks (for men) per day on average.
Fruit Consumption
Percentage of people who consumed fruit one or more times per day.
Heavy Drinking
Percentage of adult men having more than 14 drinks per week or adult women having more than 7 drinks per week.
Immunized Children
Percentage of children (from 19-36 months of age) who completed their recommended immunization series (4:3:1:3:3:1:4). Click on resources, web links, national, then scroll down to "immunized children" for more information about this immunization series.
Mammography Use
Percentage of women aged 40+ who have had a mammogram for breast cancer screening within the past two years.
Physical Activity
Percentage of people who participated in 150 minutes or more of aerobic physical activity per week.
Physical Inactivity
Percentage of adults (aged 20 and over) who reported no leisure-time physical activity.
PSA Test
Percentage of men aged 40+ who have had a PSA (prostate specific antigen) test for prostate cancer screening within the past two years.
Tobacco Use
Percentage of adults who are current smokers.
Vegetable Consumption
Percentage of people who consumed vegetables one or more times per day.
Social Determinants of Health
Access to Exercise Opportunities
Percentage of the population with adequate access to locations for physical activity. Adequate access is defined as individuals who: reside in a census block within a half mile of a park, or in urban areas: reside within one mile of a recreational facility, or in rural areas: reside within three miles of a recreational facility.
Access to Healthy Foods
Proportion of the population that is low income and lives close to a grocery store. Living close to a grocery store is defined differently in rural and nonrural areas; in rural areas, it means living less than 10 miles from a grocery store whereas in nonrural areas, it means less than 1 mile. Low income is defined as having an annual family income of less than or equal to 200 percent of the federal poverty threshold for the family size.
Air Pollution
The average daily measure of fine particulate matter in micrograms per cubic meter (PM2.5) in a county.
Child Abuse/Neglect
Rate of children (under 18) per 1,000 in a given fiscal year where alleged abuse or neglect is confirmed after an investigation.
Child in Single-Parent Households
Percentage of all children in family households that live in a household headed by a single parent (male or female head of household with no spouse present).
Children in Poverty
Percentage of children under age 18 living in poverty.
Civic Engagement
Percentage of eligible adults who voted in the 2016 Presidential election.
Cost Prevented Care
Estimated percentage of the population who could not see a doctor because of cost in the past year.
Health Care Coverage
Percentage of people who had any kind of health care coverage.
Homeownership
Percentage of adults who own their own home.
Income Level
Percentage of households that earn $50,000 or more per year.
No High School Diploma
Percentage of people with no high school diploma.
Poverty
Percentage of people living in poverty.
Severe Housing Problems
Percentage of households with at least 1 of 4 housing problems: overcrowding, high housing costs, lack of kitchen facilities, or lack of plumbing facilities.
Unemployment
Percentage of people who are currently unemployed.
Uninsured
Estimated percentage of people under age 65 who had no health insurance coverage.
Uninsured Children
Percentage of people under age 19 with no health insurance.