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"Of all the forms of inequality, injustice in health care is the most shocking and inhumane."
~Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.
"Start where you are. Use what you have. Do what you can."
~Arthur Ashe
"Never be limited by other people's limited imaginations."
~Dr. Mae Jemison
"Diversity is not about how we differ. Diversity is about embracing one another's uniqueness."
~Ola Joseph
"Physical fitness is not only one of the most important keys to a healthy body, it is the basis of dynamic and creative intellectual activity."
~John F. Kennedy
"The time is always right to do what is right."
~Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.
"In recognizing the humanity of our fellow beings, we pay ourselves the highest tribute."
~Thurgood Marshall
"Injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere."
~Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.
"All great achievements require time."
~Maya Angelou
"It always seems impossible until it's done."
~Nelson Mandela
Health Equity Indicators
GRAAHI's indicators are grouped into three categories—
health outcomes
,
health behaviors
and
social determinants of health
.
Indicators were selected based on research and expert advice.
The indicators' definitions are provided below.
The social determinants of health category is grouped into five areas—economic, health care, home, physical environment, and social environment.
Looking for a specific indicator?
Health Outcomes
Health Behaviors
Social Determinants of Health
Health Equity Indicator: Health Outcomes
Arthritis
Percentage of adults who have been told by their doctor that they have arthritis.
Asthma
Percentage of adults who have ever been told that they have asthma.
Breast Cancer Deaths
Rate of women per 100,000 who died of breast cancer.
Child Mortality
The rate of deaths among children under age 18 per 100,000.
Chlamydia
Rate of people per 100,000 who tested positive for chlamydia.
Depression
Percentage of people who were ever told that they have any form of depression.
Diabetes
Percentage of people who ever been told by a doctor that they have diabetes.
Disability
Adults who are limited in any activities because of physical, mental or emotional problems.
Heart Disease Deaths
Rate of people per 100,000 who died of heart disease.
High Blood Pressure
Adults who have ever been told by their doctor that they have high blood pressure.
High Cholesterol
Adults who have had their blood cholesterol checked, and were told by their doctor that it was high.
HIV/AIDS
Rate of people per 100,000 who ever tested positive for HIV.
Infant Mortality
Rate of live births per 1,000 who died before they turned one year old.
Injury Mortality
Rate of people per 100,000 who died from intentional and unintentional injuries. Deaths included are those with an underlying cause of injury (ICD-10 codes *U01-*U03, V01-Y36, Y85-Y87, Y89).
Lead Poisoning in Children
Percentage of children 0-72 months old (or birth to 5yrs old) with a blood lead level > 5μg/dL.
Low Birthweight Babies
Percentage of live birth babies who weigh less than 2,500 grams (or 5.5 pounds).
Lung Cancer Deaths
Rate of people per 100,000 who died of lung cancer.
Obesity
Percentage of people who were classified as having a Body Mass Index between 30 and 99.8.
Overweight
Percentage of people who were classified as having a Body Mass Index between 25 and 29.9.
Poor Mental Health Days
It is the average number of mentally unhealthy days reported in past 30 days (age-adjusted).
Prostate Cancer Deaths
Rate of men per 100,000 who died of prostate cancer.
Stroke Deaths
Rate of people per 100,000 who died of a stroke.
Teenage Pregnancy
Rate of women (aged 15-19) per 1,000 who had a live birth, abortion or estimated miscarriage.
Health Equity Indicator: Health Behaviors
Binge Drinking
Percentage of males having 5 or more drinks on one occasion, or females having 4 or more drinks on one occasion.
Breastfed infants
Percentage of infants who were ever breastfed.
Dental Care
Adults who visited a dentist or dental clinic within the past year for any reason.
Excessive Drinking
Percentage of adults that report either binge drinking, defined as consuming more than 4 alcoholic beverages (for women) or 5 alcoholic beverages (for men) on a single occasion in the past 30 days, or heavy drinking, defined as drinking more than 1 drink (for women) or more than 2 drinks (for men) per day on average.
Fruit Consumption
Percentage of people who consumed fruit one or more times per day.
Immunized Children
Percentage of children (from 19-36 months of age) who completed their recommended immunization series (4:3:1:3:3:1:4). Click on resources, web links, national, then scroll down to "immunized children" for more information about this immunization series.
Physical Activity
Percentage of people who participated in 150 minutes or more of aerobic physical activity per week.
Physical Inactivity
Percentage of adults (aged 20 and over) who reported no leisure-time physical activity.
Tobacco Use
Percentage of adults who are current smokers.
Vegetable Consumption
Percentage of people who consumed vegetables one or more times per day.
Health Equity Indicator: Social Determinants of Health
Economic
Children in Poverty
The percentage of children under age 18 living in poverty.
Income Level
Percentage of households that earn $50,000 or more per year.
No High School Diploma
Percentage of people with no high school diploma.
Poverty
Percentage of people living in poverty.
Unemployment
Percentage of people who are currently unemployed.
Health Care
Health Care Costs
Estimated percentage of the population who could not see a doctor because of cost in the past year.
Health Care Coverage
Percentage of people who had any kind of health care coverage.
Uninsured
Estimated percentage of people under age 65 who had no health insurance coverage.
Uninsured Children
The percentage of people under age 19 with no health insurance.
Home
Child in Single-Parent Households
Percentage of all children in family households that live in a household headed by a single parent (male or female head of household with no spouse present).
Home Ownership
Percentage of adults who own their own home.
Severe Housing Problems
Percentage of households with at least 1 of 4 housing problems: overcrowding, high housing costs, lack of kitchen facilities, or lack of plumbing facilities.
Physical Environment
Access to Exercise Opportunities
Percentage of the population with adequate access to locations for physical activity. Adequate access is defined as individuals who: reside in a census block within a half mile of a park, or in urban areas: reside within one mile of a recreational facility, or in rural areas: reside within three miles of a recreational facility.
Access to Healthy Foods
Proportion of the population that is low income and lives close to a grocery store. Living close to a grocery store is defined differently in rural and nonrural areas; in rural areas, it means living less than 10 miles from a grocery store whereas in nonrural areas, it means less than 1 mile. Low income is defined as having an annual family income of less than or equal to 200 percent of the federal poverty threshold for the family size.
Air Pollution
The average daily measure of fine particulate matter in micrograms per cubic meter (PM2.5) in a county.
Exposure to Violent Crimes
Rate of people per 100,000 that experience a violent crime. Violent crime is defined as offenses that involve face-to-face confrontation between the victim and the perpetrator, including homicide, forcible rape, robbery, and aggravated assault.
Social Environment
Child Abuse/Neglect
Rate of children (under 18) per 1,000 in a given fiscal year where alleged abuse or neglect is confirmed after an investigation.
Civic Engagement
Percentage of eligible adults who voted in the 2016 Presidential election.
Inadequate Social Support
Percentage of adults who reported that they "never," "rarely," or "sometimes" got the support they need to a question on the Behavior Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS).
Survey